Starting With a Scientific Review Article

Starting With a Scientific Review ArticleYou can build a good first impression for your new website by posting a scientific review article on your website. One thing you need to do before you begin your article is to establish the topic and then write a unique article.Keep in mind that any potential clients will read the article because it is an honest review. As you write, take the time to define the message of the article. You may include what the article is about, how it is written, who the author is, and what they can offer.The article must be short and effective. If you write an article that is lengthy and confusing, your readers will simply close the browser window. If your article is too long, it may end up being boring.After you have finished writing the scientific review article, write a summary. The summary should include the main points and all the benefits that you can include in the article.The article must be unique. If you are looking for a solution to a problem or hel p with a product, then it is not worth including any negative statements about a product. On the other hand, if you are writing a negative review, you are encouraging people to buy the product because you are criticizing it.Before you post the article on your website, ensure that it has been approved by the webmaster. Make sure that the article appears in the appropriate category in the search engines. The article must be unique, informative, and easy to understand.After posting the scientific review article, your website may receive a number of visitors. If the article resonates with the readers, you will gain a loyal client base. If you need a marketing campaign, you can use this article to promote your business and to increase traffic to your website.

After Affects of WWI - 1513 Words

After Affects of WWI WWI was, at its time, the largest and most destructive war planet Earth had ever seen. Some countries lost millions of lives and nearly an entire generation. The war casted the world into massive debt and Europe was almost totally razed. The Allies sought revenge and not so surprisingly, they found it. The Treaty of Versailles stated that Germany must accept total fault for the war. Germany was forced to pay reparation money, which it did not have, to the Allies. This drove Germany into greater debt than any other country in the world. Its population felt wronged and cheated. This series of events led to far reaching consequences, ranging from the rise of Hitler and Nazi Germany to the creation of countries such as†¦show more content†¦At this time the World, most likely the allies, should have intervened but the tolls taken by the First World War were seen as too great. France which was almost completely decimated by the war and still in the process of rebuilding from, it w as in no condition to raise a military force. However countries such as England, America although it was in the midst of the great depression, the newly formed Soviet Union should have taken action. Sadly they did not as they all thought that the reproductions of the First World War from the aforementioned death tolls to the economic down turns of the world, the major military powers of the world neglected the problem because they were more concerned with the well being of their own counties at the time. Most likely no military action would have been necessary because The Nazi party’s early years consisted of taking tiny little steps toward govt. change and expansion of German borders, poking and prodding waiting for a response and when none came The Nazi Party ran wild. But perhaps the most far reaching consequences were the new border lines that it drew. The newShow MoreRelatedWorld War I ( Wwi )1307 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War I (WWI) brought unprecedented change to the world. Never before had the entire world engaged in such brutal conflict. World War I brought about great pain and sorrow for the whole world. Even countries who were not directly involved in front line combat bore the suffering of financial and social limitations that affected the entire world during this time. The young and still forming country, Australia, was also deeply impacted and permanently changed by WWI. Australia’s close connectionRead MoreCompare and Contrast Ww1 Ww21058 Words   |  5 Pagesassassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria in June 1914. However, World War II was caused by the political and economic instability in Germany, along with the bad conditions of the Treaty of Versailles . When the treaty of Versailles was put into affect, Germany acknowledged responsibility for the war, which also meant agreeing to pay enormous amounts of money for war reparations and losing land/territory to those who won the war . However, Germany agreed to this with a lot of bitterness. DuringRead MoreAll Quiet On The Western Front1395 Words   |  6 Pagesagain. The good that came from the violence that you used lasted for a short time, but the punishment that you get for doing this lasts for a long time. Imperialism of rivalries and nationalism were two of the main reasons that most countries joined WWI, ‘the war to end all wars†. In All Quiet on the Western Front, by Erich Maria Remarque illustrates a group of young boys whose lives have been dehumanized by the trench warfare. Paul Baumer, a teenager and also the narrator of the book, discloses storiesRead MoreThe War Of The Great Depression1019 Words   |  5 PagesWWI was a war that devastated millions. The causes of this war, and any war, are important to study because they greatly impact the future. Studying the war allows the future generations to learn from mistakes. The nations that fought in the war include: Russia, Great Britain, France, and Austria-Hungary. The nations were affected by the cost of war, and the deaths. WWI launched the great depression. WWI started in 1914 and ended in 1918. The effects of the war had a tremendous affect on the nationsRead MoreThe Battle Of The Somme1531 Words   |  7 PagesIt was an offensive type of battle . The British and the french got around 7 miles of ground and lost thousands of men in the process of the battle. It is considered one of the largest and bloodiest battles of WWI. The French and the British had agreed on a bunch of plans to attack the Central Powers . The majority of the battle was the French army. On the first day of the battle the germans were beat and were forcedRead MoreAll Quiet on the Western Front/WWI Essay1215 Words   |  5 PagesKatczinsky has died† (Remarque 291) everything changed for Paul. Despite demises of Paul’s other friends, Kat’s death affects Paul tremendously. Kat was the last and the only friend he had. He was the only person driving Paul to survive in the war, without Kat there is nothing for Paul to look after the war. Not only are Paul’s friends keeping in sane, but they were also what Paul aspired for after the war. They were Paul’s friends, family, and his reason for existence. Furthermore, the war inflicts Paul withRead MoreHow Medicine Changed American History1296 Words   |  6 PagesAs expected, with war comes extensive injuries. During WWI, it took a wounded soldier about 24 hours to travel from the battlefield to a hospital. Many times, the soldiers did not live through that excruciating 24 hours. The wounds inflicted on many soldiers led to the development of new m edical techniques and improvements (iWonder 2015). The quickly rising death toll during WWI led to the creation of blood transfusion techniques. Prior to WWI, blood transfusions were nearly impossible without cross-matchingRead MoreWith Another World War Forming In The European And Asian1202 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican public wanted to stay out of the war this time, and in doing so elected isolationist government members, which included Gerald Nye and Robert LaFollette. Nye later formed his own committee which focused on the cases of entering WWI and how it could affect America with this future war. With these findings and urging the American public, multiple Neutrality Acts were passed, allowing both sides to get what they wanted, all while staying out of the war. However, on the brink of war, the isolationistsRead MoreThe War Of The European Powers1605 Words   |  7 Pagesnote shifted our view and got us involved in WWI. (â€Å"U-S-History.com†) Today USA is a world su per power and not nearly as isolated as we used to be. A foreign issue becomes an American issue when it threatens our security. This can be seen through the Cold War, global wars, cyber warfare, and terrorism. All of these issues show when we should get involved in the past and present. Firstly, the Cold War threatened our safety and security after WWII. After WWII the US finally thought they had peace atRead MoreGermany s Desire For World Power1308 Words   |  6 PagesMany countries were involved in WWI, Germany being one of them. It is arguable whether Germany is responsible for the outbreak of war or rather the responsibility of individual countries such as Britain, Russia, France, Austria-Hungary and the Balkans collectively. However, Germany should be blamed to the full extent of starting WW1 due to the reasons that Germany had unconditional support for Austria, Germany s war plans were planned to cause more conflict and Germany s mobilization schedule.

Abstinence and Non-Abstinence Treatment- Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the debatable topic on Abstinence and Non-Abstinence treatment while helping to recover from alcohol addictions. Answer: Introduction In this report, the researcher tries to highlight the effects that can be caused due to excess consumption of alcohol and drugs. Drugs and alcohol consumption can lead to many diseases in a human being. These cause addiction that can become fatal for the people. Hence, in order to relieve people from such addictions, the rehabilitation centres provide certain treatments to the people. These treatments help a person to be cured of the ill habit that may poison their lives. The report focuses on two types of treatments that are provided to the people suffering from excessive consumption of these fluids; the abstinence focussed treatment and the non-abstinence focused treatment. These two types of treatments are compared and contrasted depending upon the effect it causes when applied to a person. The report also provides the ways by which these treatments can help a person from attaining a healthy life by leaving the past life behind. Ill effects of alcohol and drugs White and Hingson, (2014) stated that consumption of alcohol by a limited proportion could be acceptable to many people. However, excess consumption of alcohol can lead to many life-threatening diseases. This may have short-term as well as long-term effects on the lives of the people. Similarly, the use of drugs is permissible by a limited dose of medicines. The excess use and addiction of drugs also have certain effects that may lead to the loss of life of an individual. However, Notley et al., (2015) countered it by stating that most of the short-term effects of alcohol could be attributed to the consumption of various mind-altering substances. The reactions that are caused due to the mixture of these substances lead to drowsiness, slurring of speech, disruption of sleep. These, in turn, lead to temporary loss of consciousness, irritable bowels frequent blackouts and coma. This may lead to the death of the person. Apart from this, overweight and increase of blood pressure can also arise due to the consumption of alcohol. The long-term disorders that can be caused due to the effects of alcohol can also be catastrophic. It can lead to permanent damage of brain cells thereby stopping the brain cells to work. Liver damage is also another disease that can be caused due to excessive drinking. Excessive drinking can also lead a person to lose the level of tolerance. This increases the addiction level of alcohol consumption in an individual. The high intake of drugs can also cause failure of the nerves. This can lead to loss of sense, brain and kidney damage that may affect the life of the people. Such intake of alcohol and drugs are common among younger people. Thereby, Maisel et al., (2013) stated that the need for a cure of these people is more important. Proper awareness about the ill effects of intake of drugs and alcohol need to be promoted in order to save the younger generation from falling victim to it. Thus, it can be said that an abstinence treatment can be undertaken in order to cure the patients suffering from such addictions. The effectiveness of it is discussed to understand its contribution. Concept of abstinence focussed treatment According to Stapinski et al., (2015), abstinence focussed treatment treats the level of addiction among an individual as the disease itself. Physicians practising this type of treatment do not wait for an individual to suffer from any disease. Rather than that, the addiction itself is considered as a fatal disease. However, the model of treatment cannot provide a specific cure for the individuals. Hence, support is provided to the individuals by counselling. Proper counselling can help an individual to recover from any level of alcoholism provided he takes proper care of action and keeps himself away from alcohols and drugs. This approach helps an individual to give up the intake of alcohol completely. Witkiewitz et al., (2016) stated that abstinence treatment is the only way a person can get back the life that was lost due to alcohol and drugs. The primary principle of addiction is the fact that people becoming mentally involved with the use of alcohol and drugs. Hence, due to lack of proper medical techniques to provide a cure, physicians depend upon psychological treatments of the patients. The recovery of the patients is done by taking responsibility for the cause of the disease. The cognitive behaviour of the individuals is required to be assessed. This can be done by individual or group therapy sessions known as the AA sessions. According to Cunningham et al., (2017), diagnosis for this type of disease requires the analysis of the level of addiction. Various types of treatment exist that include control-craving drugs, behavioural, group therapy, and prevention therapy. This systematic approach needs to be conducted keeping in mind the addiction level of the patients. This type of system is adopted in order to provide a long-term residential treatment for the patients. An aftercare programme is also provided in order to maintain the progress level of the patients who have completed the treatment. A 12-step meeting is conducted that the reinforcement benefits can be obtained from core principles. Hence, the effectiveness of this treatment can be based on the success it gets from helping the patients (Bergman et al., 2015). Necessary tools are provided to patients so that they can maintain the control over drugs and alcohol. Effectiveness of abstinence focussed treatment According to Wilder et al., (2014), abstinence is considered to be an essential part of rehabilitation. In most cases, it is seen that abstinence needs to be considered as an essential goal for the rehab of an alcoholic or drug-addicted patient. This is because the manner in which a patient is approached by the rehab centres helps them to recover quickly. The 12-step programme has played a vital role in bringing happiness into the lives of the people. It has been seen that years of alcohol and drug use can lead to failure of liver and cause brain and nerve damage. However, a proper psychological approach can lead to the person recovering from this trauma. Hence, the effectiveness of this treatment can be justified clearly. It has been proven that 695 people of Scotland had been recovered in 33 months by following a regular treatment in 2006. The success rate indicates the high efficacy it has on the treatment of the addiction. It has also been seen that the less care taken by the pat ients increases more chances of relapse to occur (Holmes et al., 2014). However, there has been a criticism of this theory. The main reason for the criticism is the fact that the individuals suffer from relapses. However, relapses have been accepted as part of the disease. This is mainly due to the discontinuation of the people seeking rehab. They fail the treatment may be due to lack of guidance or due to the fact that certain cases required extensive medical care rather than just moral support. The other reason for the criticism is the fact that abstinence treatment is an only one-sided treatment (Julien, 2013). Once this treatment starts to be effective in the individual then no other forms of treatment can be carried on. This model is based on the harm reduction model. This is because the harm reduction model does not seek opinions of specialised therapists in order to cure the patients. Hence, despite its huge success rate, the abstinence theory also draws in many criticisms that divert the opinion of the people. In this regard, most people prefer the adoption of non-abstinence focused treatment. Concept of non-abstinence focussed treatment The non-abstinence focused treatment is termed as a self-development approach to quit alcohol or drugs (Hartzler Garrett, 2016). Unlike the abstinence treatment, this treatment focuses on the conscience of the individuals in taking decisions based on the level of addiction. No proper treatment is provided to an individual in order to deal with the consequences that may be faced due to a certain level of consumption of alcohol. This can be considered as a notification to set up programmes for moderation that consider alcoholics to be a part of the programming campaign. Most people because of the lack of use of medications consider this treatment. However, Stea, Hodgins Fung, (2015) stated that non-abstinence treatment is not as effective as the abstinence treatment. This is mainly because of the fact that the people are not aware of the level of addiction. Self-realisation in terms of consumption of drinks and alcohol are needed in order to lead a healthy life. In this regard, it ca n be said that self-realisation can be more effective than getting into a rehab centre. This is because the conscience of the people let them perform staffs that can help or break their life. It has been seen that most people refuse to undertake AA treatment. This is because they feel that the people engaged in the centres will control their lives. This can be a setback for the people, as they need to be convinced about the ill effects of consumption of alcohols and drugs. With the self-realisation technique, people can understand the control and ensure that the consumption of these harmful substances is reduced. This is evidenced by the fact that only 10% of the people suffering from excess alcohol and drugs enter a rehab facility to remain in good health (Carr, 2014). Hence, it can be said that the effectiveness of this treatment facility can be attributed to the fact that people prefer this treatment to the abstinence treatment. Most people need to feel invested personally rather than being asked by a therapist in order to control the addiction. The effectiveness is described in detail. Effectiveness of non-abstinence focussed treatment According to Snipes and Benotsch, (2013), the non-abstinence focused treatment allows people to continue drinking despite the ill effects of alcohol. The level of addiction needs to be determined by the people itself. Such an action has led to considerable success in the lives of many people. The people itself understand the choice of treatment and the ways by which life can be lead. This provides for an independent meaning of life. Hence, it has been seen that most people suffering from such addictions prefer to use this type of treatment. The effectiveness of this is that the people can be treated at home without relocating to a rehab centre. This is important as people can take their time in recovering and can be supported by their family members. Like abstinence treatment, this can also be considered as a type of providing cognitive support to the people. The difference, however, lays in the fact that personal information does not need to be shared with any stranger. Instead, the family members can provide the necessary support to the people (Schulte et al., 2014). However, this treatment has also received criticism. One of the major criticisms of this approach is the fact that most people do not possess the power of self-control. The level of addiction of these people cannot be determined, as they prefer to continue drinking and have no guide to help them. Proper medication can also not be provided to them since these people try to cure themselves. Thus, it can be said that not every people can use the non-abstinence approach. Apart from this in a case of emergency, the non-abstinence approach can also not function properly. The absence of a proper medical representative can cause the failure to detect seriousness of any issue. Bergman et al., (2014) observed that the non-abstinence treatment could not guarantee any success regarding the non-consumption of alcohol. This is because the resolution taken by the people can break owing to certain factors. These factors need to be dealt with in order to remain free from alcohol and drug consumption. This cannot be done on a regular basis to maintain a clean life. Comparison between the treatments Mithoefer et al., (2013) observed that the abstinence treatment is more for people that consume alcohol at a higher level. These people are considered as true drinkers as they consume alcohol at a higher rate than other people do. Hence, the chances of suffering are more for these people. The abstinence treatment helps in proper identification of the disease and suggests an accurate cure for it. The use of the cognitive method of approach to cure patients helps to understand the mind of the people. Another important aspect that is considered similar to the abstinence treatment is the fact that it conducts a 12-step programme after the patient has been discharged. This helps to understand the level of control sustained by an individual (Volkow et al., 2014). The meeting between various people of similar problems can lead to the realisation about the ill effects of alcohol and drugs consumption. This is similar to the treatment offered in the non-abstinence programme. The self-control of the people is focused more than the medication of the people. The non-abstinence treatment focuses more on the moderation of the people. These people are termed as problem drinkers as the consumption level of alcohol is not in excess amount. However, these people tend to consume alcohol and intake drugs at a rate that may also be fatal for them. Wise and Koob, (2014) observed that in order to receive non-abstinence treatment one needs to be mentally strong as the convincing needs to be done on oneself. This is a huge difference when compared with abstinence programme. This is because in the case of abstinence treatment the people are convinced by providing examples about the lives of others. Hence, people can control the urge to consume the poisonous substances. The lack of a medical representative also causes the misunderstanding of the problems. However, an advantage that the treatment provides is the home based care. People can remain at home and take care of themselves. Thus, it can be said that both the forms of treatments have positive an d negative aspect and different characteristics. The varied forms of treatment provide a comprehensive choice for people depending upon the level of consumption of alcohol and drugs (Kaltenbach Jones, 2016). Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that abstinence focused treatment, as well as non-abstinence, focused treatment, are effective in solving any addiction level in a person. The approaches differ in terms of encouraging and motivating a person from ignoring these habits. The abstinence approach develops a cognitive theory that helps in maintaining the level of addiction. A 12-step programme helps the people to recover from any addiction completely and lead a normal life. The side effects of these addictions can be fatal and as a result, it is important for the people to follow the steps in order to reduce health scares. The non-abstinence programme also develops self-conscience in the mind of the people. This can be a little challenging to undergo, as the people need to have the will required to abstain from drinking. Thus, the techniques can help in maintaining a balanced and healthy life. References Bergman, B. G., Greene, M. C., Slaymaker, V., Hoeppner, B. B., Kelly, J. F. (2014). Young adults with co-occurring disorders: substance use disorder treatment response and outcomes.Journal of substance abuse treatment,46(4), 420-428. Bergman, B. G., Hoeppner, B. B., Nelson, L. M., Slaymaker, V., Kelly, J. F. (2015). The effects of continuing care on emerging adult outcomes following residential addiction treatment.Drug and alcohol dependence,153, 207-214. Carr, A. (2014). The evidence base for couple therapy, family therapy and systemic interventions for adult?focused problems.Journal of Family Therapy,36(2), 158-194. Cunningham, C., Stitzer, M., Campbell, A. N., Pavlicova, M., Hu, M. C., Nunes, E. V. (2017). Contingency management abstinence incentives: Cost and implications for treatment tailoring.Journal of substance abuse treatment,72, 134-139. Hartzler, B., Garrett, S. (2016). Interest and preferences for contingency management design among addiction treatment clientele.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse,42(3), 287-295. Holmes, J., Meng, Y., Meier, P. S., Brennan, A., Angus, C., Campbell-Burton, A., ... Purshouse, R. C. (2014). Effects of minimum unit pricing for alcohol on different income and socioeconomic groups: a modelling study.The Lancet,383(9929), 1655-1664. Julien, R. M. (2013).A primer of drug action: A concise nontechnical guide to the actions, uses, and side effects of psychoactive drugs, revised and updated. Holt Paperbacks. Kaltenbach, K., Jones, H. E. (2016). Neonatal abstinence syndrome: presentation and treatment considerations.Journal of addiction medicine,10(4), 217-223. Maisel, N. C., Blodgett, J. C., Wilbourne, P. L., Humphreys, K., Finney, J. W. (2013). Meta?analysis of naltrexone and acamprosate for treating alcohol use disorders: when are these medications most helpful?.Addiction,108(2), 275-293. Mithoefer, M. C., Wagner, M. T., Mithoefer, A. T., Jerome, L., Martin, S. F., Yazar-Klosinski, B., ... Doblin, R. (2013). Durability of improvement in post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and absence of harmful effects or drug dependency after 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy: a prospective long-term follow-up study.Journal of Psychopharmacology,27(1), 28-39. Notley, C., Blyth, A., Maskrey, V., Pinto, H., Holland, R. (2015). Exploring the concepts of abstinence and recovery through the experiences of long-term opiate substitution clients.Substance Abuse,36(2), 232-239. Schulte, M. H., Cousijn, J., den Uyl, T. E., Goudriaan, A. E., van den Brink, W., Veltman, D. J., ... Wiers, R. W. (2014). Recovery of neurocognitive functions following sustained abstinence after substance dependence and implications for treatment.Clinical psychology review,34(7), 531-550. Snipes, D. J., Benotsch, E. G. (2013). High-risk cocktails and high-risk sex: examining the relation between alcohol mixed with energy drink consumption, sexual behavior, and drug use in college students.Addictive behaviors,38(1), 1418-1423. Stapinski, L. A., Rapee, R. M., Sannibale, C., Teesson, M., Haber, P. S., Baillie, A. J. (2015). The clinical and theoretical basis for integrated cognitive behavioral treatment of comorbid social anxiety and alcohol use disorders.Cognitive and Behavioral Practice,22(4), 504-521. Stea, J. N., Hodgins, D. C., Fung, T. (2015). Abstinence versus moderation goals in brief motivational treatment for pathological gambling.Journal of Gambling Studies,31(3), 1029-1045. Volkow, N. D., Baler, R. D., Compton, W. M., Weiss, S. R. (2014). Adverse health effects of marijuana use.New England Journal of Medicine,370(23), 2219-2227. White, A., Hingson, R. (2014). The burden of alcohol use: Excessive alcohol consumption and related consequences among college students.Alcohol research: current reviews,35(2), 201. Wilder, C. M., Fred Wells Brason, I. I., Clark, A. K., Galanter, M., Walley, A. Y., Winstanley, E. L. (2014). Development and implementation of an opioid overdose prevention program within a preexisting substance use disorders treatment center.Journal of addiction medicine,8(3), 164-169. Wise, R. A., Koob, G. F. (2014). The development and maintenance of drug addiction.Neuropsychopharmacology,39(2), 254. Witkiewitz, K., Roos, C. R., Pearson, M. R., Hallgren, K. A., Maisto, S. A., Kirouac, M., ... Tonigan, J. S. (2016). How much is too much? Patterns of drinking during alcohol treatment and associations with post-treatment outcomes across three alcohol clinical trials.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs,78(1), 59-69.

Safety Net free essay sample

Students can have fair chances and hope for their futures, thanks to the government. There are problems that come along with the safety net but that doesn’t imply that everyone using it, uses it wrongfully. There are people out there in need of this and without it would be dead right now. We cannot punish the innocent for the wrong doers actions. According to an article, dozens of benefits programs provided an average of $6,538 for each man, woman, and child in the county in 2009, a 69 percent increase from 2000 after adjusting to the inflation. The government safety net was created to keep Americans from extreme poverty, but the sad part is that the poorest households no longer are receiving the majority of the government benefits. Almost everyone present relies on the government to pay for their medical care. For example Mr. Kopka, 74, has had three heart procedures in recent years. His wife recently had surgery to remove cataracts from both eyes. We will write a custom essay sample on Safety Net or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Without Medicare, Mr. Kopka said, they could not have paid for the treatments, meaning his wife would be blind and he would be dead. Although there are many cases such as this one, a few federal programs are more popular than Medicare. Medicare’s financial problems are much worse than Social Security’s. People need these programs and they need the government and do not use it as a joke. One woman even said â€Å"Without it, I’m not sure how I would live, with the check I’m getting from Social Security, it’s a constant struggle on making sure that I pay my rent and have enough left for groceries. † â€Å"Man dies from toothache, couldn’t afford meds† is the name of this article that would make anyone’s jaw drop. It is outrageous that a man died and was not able to pay for his tooth medication. A 24 year-old father died from a tooth infection that spread and made his brain swell. This is reminder of the importance of oral health and the number of people without access to dental or health care. Willis went to the emergency room, where he received prescriptions for antibiotics and pain medication. Sadly, he could not pay for both so had to choose one and pain medication was his choice. This caused the infection to spread and make his brain swell and die. According to this article this story is actually not unique. In 2007, 12 year-old Deamonte Driver also died when a tooth infection spread to his brain. The Maryland boy underwent two operations and six weeks of hospital care, totaling $250,000. Doctors said a routine $80 tooth extraction could’ve saved his life. His family was uninsured and had recently lost its Medicaid benefits, keeping the young boy from his life saving dental surgery. Stories like this make it more obvious that the government MUST continue to have these safety net programs. Getting access to dental care is particularly tough for low-income adults and children and it’s getting tougher as the economy worsens. This is the main concern of the people in disagreement with the social safety net programs. The debt is over whelming and hurting the deficit of the country and pulling us more and more into debt. Through the problems like debt that comes along with the social safety net programs, the help that it brings to the citizens in need is more than the debt it causes. The system needs to be sure of the people using the programs, free clinics are needed for the sick that are also poor, the unemployment benefits are needed, public education, Medicaid, Medicare, the government needs to have their citizens protected. Where would the people of this country be? Not to life off of the system or depend on it for life, but to work their way up in society and be independent. The government’s duty is to help their citizens but not to take advantage.

Roman Catholic Church and Troubadours Essays

Roman Catholic Church and Troubadours Essays Roman Catholic Church and Troubadours Paper Roman Catholic Church and Troubadours Paper Richardson 1 Cody Richardson Mr. Payne Music Lit Troubadours The birth of troubadours resided in the rich culture of early 12th century France. They are considered by some to be the frontrunners of secular music. Many were persecuted and killed for their music by the Catholic Church. Troubadours carried the main theme of love in all of their songs. Songs consisting of many different kinds of love were played in courts and sometimes at public meetings. These songs always had to be appropriate for the courts that they were played. Troubadour music in some courts may have even been considered to be racy in current times. The songs helped to show the growing equalities amongst the classes. All troubadours had to show a massive understanding of the intricacies and interworking of the female mind in order to stay on the line of perversion, without crossing it. Most troubadours came from rich courtly families, who were well educated in Catholic schools. The troubadours were groundbreaking individuals who had to persevere through persecution of religious groups, class, and finding a place in their time (Stevens, Butterfield, Karp 798-790). A troubadour was not merely a musician who played other musicians music. They were well versed in the music advances of their time. Troubadours were able to write their own music and compose their own songs. The most highly noted troubadours would only Richardson 2 play for small groups of people, usually in courts. Many of these well-established troubadours would never play for public events. Instead they would allow other musicians to play their music in their place. Not all troubadours were in the same class of wealth. The type of payment received was decided by the amount of money a certain troubadour already possessed. Some independently wealthy troubadours only wanted fame and women as their rewards for singing in the courts. Others helped to spread the fame of a wealthier troubadour by traveling to other courts and playing their music for them. In return the poorer troubadours would receive funds, that one-day might allow them to climb the latter of success. There were also those troubadours who just wanted to play to gain love of a woman. To help them in their endeavors, many troubadours hired assistants called jongleurs (Jinright 1). Jongleurs helped troubadours perform their music. Having many different skills in all areas of performing allowed them to fill in wherever they were needed. Jongleurs had skills outside of just playing music and singing. Most jongleurs were well versed in skills such as juggling or dancing. Jongleurs created the raw materials for the troubadours to sculpt and use to create their songs. They were used to make up all the missing pieces that a show needed. Jongleurs were known to travel across countries from France to England for the opportunity to play a part in a troubadour’s performance. These traveling performers were the less educated, mainly lower class musicians, trying to make a living. Although some jongleurs possessed a considerable amount skill, they were never compared to the skills of the troubadour in charge of the show. Many times the skills of Richardson 3 jongleurs were overlooked or credited to the troubadour they were working under (Cheyette 78-86). Many troubadours came about due to the direct education of the Catholic Church. Catholic schools helped to teach and sculpt rich courtly children into having the power to create secular music. As troubadours began to flourish, Catholic churches began to feel attacked by their music. Many Catholic schools started screening their applicants to try and reduce the amount of troubadours that would be educated through catholic schools. Around 1209, after failed attempts by many Catholic institutions were made to convert nobility and their troubadours, a war began. The Catholic Church believed that secular music about love was a great sin that needed to be dealt with. After Simon of Montfort crushed the first poorly organized resistance of nobles, many troubadours fled and some decided to stay and fight as part of the Occitanian resistance. In 1216 the resistance defeated Simon and sent him home. Over one hundred years later the Pope decided to send inquisitors in to France, as a response to Simon of Montfort’s loss. This second effort was successful in ending the resistance. Many troubadours were burned alive and others were imprisoned (Jinright 1). Even after the major rise and fall of the troubadours, their ideas lived on through their music. They were the revolutionary thinkers of their time. Troubadours brought new ideas to the way of thinking in many different areas of life. Troubadours were able to express their views on both love and war. They were not afraid to express even the most erotic details of love or talk of epic battles, full of knightly honor. The lords and ladies of Richardson 4 medieval noble houses got bored with listening to work created in monasteries. The people of the time became more interested in music that told stories. Songs were created by the finest troubadours try and let citizens know about the crusades. Almost all songs talked of the victories won by fellow citizens who had ventured off to join the crusades. Their stories became similar to movies of our day about love and war. The songs gave young men and women ideal examples of how to treat each other. Knights heard these songs sung and tried to model their lives after the heroes from the stories. Some believe troubadours created the act of chivalry with their music. Chivalry is one of the only legacies still living left by the troubadours (Stevens, Butterfield, Karp 798-790). Chivalry is one thing the troubadours gave to society that can never be taken away by time. The Catholic Church had a big role in killing many other parts of the troubadour’s legacy almost completely. Much of the songs created in medieval times were lost do to the teachings of the Catholic Church. The church taught that only religious songs could be written down and saved. Troubadours had to memorize all of their songs they created in order to have anything to play. Making it more difficult for any artist to prosper, who was trying to create secular music. This made for the creation of much easier songs that could be remembered with just listening. The songs were very simple and usually sung with a single melodic line. The troubadours composed their music by joining a single note of music with a single syllable of text. Sometimes they would add in many notes bring sung to a single syllable of text.. Troubadour’s songs form was often very free flowing. Some songs could be strophic in form as well. The church also taught that God did not want composers Richardson 5 to take credit for their songs. No single troubadour could own his or her own songs because they did not have the ability to write them down. If a troubadour heard another artist’s song, they must simply be able to remember it and then go sing it. The rules of the Catholic Church made it impossible for most of the troubadour’s songs to be saved. Most of the footprints left by the troubadours can be seen through the careful study of how their music affected the society of their time (Stevens, Butterfield, Karp 798-790). The change from a Catholic Church dominated society to a free thinking more secular society was brought on strongly by the troubadours. They created revolutionary thoughts that spread against the Catholic way of thinking, every time they performed. They changed music forever in ways that were felt much later down the road. Chivalry is seen and practiced in every country around the world. Troubadour’s songs of love and war have been translated into movies. Movies about true love and about treating women a certain way, are produced every year. Action movies are produced showing courage and giving examples of great heroes. They all serve the same purpose as the songs did for the people of the medieval era. It allows people to imagine themselves as characters in the story and strive to be more like them one day. Most of today’s society probably does not know how its entertainment originated. It came from the revolutionary thinkers of the medieval times. They defied the church and created their own way of life. Many troubadours paid for these songs of revolution with their lives. Although there music is lost, their contributions to society will never be forgotten (Jinright 1).

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