Roman Catholic Church and Troubadours Essays

Roman Catholic Church and Troubadours Essays Roman Catholic Church and Troubadours Paper Roman Catholic Church and Troubadours Paper Richardson 1 Cody Richardson Mr. Payne Music Lit Troubadours The birth of troubadours resided in the rich culture of early 12th century France. They are considered by some to be the frontrunners of secular music. Many were persecuted and killed for their music by the Catholic Church. Troubadours carried the main theme of love in all of their songs. Songs consisting of many different kinds of love were played in courts and sometimes at public meetings. These songs always had to be appropriate for the courts that they were played. Troubadour music in some courts may have even been considered to be racy in current times. The songs helped to show the growing equalities amongst the classes. All troubadours had to show a massive understanding of the intricacies and interworking of the female mind in order to stay on the line of perversion, without crossing it. Most troubadours came from rich courtly families, who were well educated in Catholic schools. The troubadours were groundbreaking individuals who had to persevere through persecution of religious groups, class, and finding a place in their time (Stevens, Butterfield, Karp 798-790). A troubadour was not merely a musician who played other musicians music. They were well versed in the music advances of their time. Troubadours were able to write their own music and compose their own songs. The most highly noted troubadours would only Richardson 2 play for small groups of people, usually in courts. Many of these well-established troubadours would never play for public events. Instead they would allow other musicians to play their music in their place. Not all troubadours were in the same class of wealth. The type of payment received was decided by the amount of money a certain troubadour already possessed. Some independently wealthy troubadours only wanted fame and women as their rewards for singing in the courts. Others helped to spread the fame of a wealthier troubadour by traveling to other courts and playing their music for them. In return the poorer troubadours would receive funds, that one-day might allow them to climb the latter of success. There were also those troubadours who just wanted to play to gain love of a woman. To help them in their endeavors, many troubadours hired assistants called jongleurs (Jinright 1). Jongleurs helped troubadours perform their music. Having many different skills in all areas of performing allowed them to fill in wherever they were needed. Jongleurs had skills outside of just playing music and singing. Most jongleurs were well versed in skills such as juggling or dancing. Jongleurs created the raw materials for the troubadours to sculpt and use to create their songs. They were used to make up all the missing pieces that a show needed. Jongleurs were known to travel across countries from France to England for the opportunity to play a part in a troubadour’s performance. These traveling performers were the less educated, mainly lower class musicians, trying to make a living. Although some jongleurs possessed a considerable amount skill, they were never compared to the skills of the troubadour in charge of the show. Many times the skills of Richardson 3 jongleurs were overlooked or credited to the troubadour they were working under (Cheyette 78-86). Many troubadours came about due to the direct education of the Catholic Church. Catholic schools helped to teach and sculpt rich courtly children into having the power to create secular music. As troubadours began to flourish, Catholic churches began to feel attacked by their music. Many Catholic schools started screening their applicants to try and reduce the amount of troubadours that would be educated through catholic schools. Around 1209, after failed attempts by many Catholic institutions were made to convert nobility and their troubadours, a war began. The Catholic Church believed that secular music about love was a great sin that needed to be dealt with. After Simon of Montfort crushed the first poorly organized resistance of nobles, many troubadours fled and some decided to stay and fight as part of the Occitanian resistance. In 1216 the resistance defeated Simon and sent him home. Over one hundred years later the Pope decided to send inquisitors in to France, as a response to Simon of Montfort’s loss. This second effort was successful in ending the resistance. Many troubadours were burned alive and others were imprisoned (Jinright 1). Even after the major rise and fall of the troubadours, their ideas lived on through their music. They were the revolutionary thinkers of their time. Troubadours brought new ideas to the way of thinking in many different areas of life. Troubadours were able to express their views on both love and war. They were not afraid to express even the most erotic details of love or talk of epic battles, full of knightly honor. The lords and ladies of Richardson 4 medieval noble houses got bored with listening to work created in monasteries. The people of the time became more interested in music that told stories. Songs were created by the finest troubadours try and let citizens know about the crusades. Almost all songs talked of the victories won by fellow citizens who had ventured off to join the crusades. Their stories became similar to movies of our day about love and war. The songs gave young men and women ideal examples of how to treat each other. Knights heard these songs sung and tried to model their lives after the heroes from the stories. Some believe troubadours created the act of chivalry with their music. Chivalry is one of the only legacies still living left by the troubadours (Stevens, Butterfield, Karp 798-790). Chivalry is one thing the troubadours gave to society that can never be taken away by time. The Catholic Church had a big role in killing many other parts of the troubadour’s legacy almost completely. Much of the songs created in medieval times were lost do to the teachings of the Catholic Church. The church taught that only religious songs could be written down and saved. Troubadours had to memorize all of their songs they created in order to have anything to play. Making it more difficult for any artist to prosper, who was trying to create secular music. This made for the creation of much easier songs that could be remembered with just listening. The songs were very simple and usually sung with a single melodic line. The troubadours composed their music by joining a single note of music with a single syllable of text. Sometimes they would add in many notes bring sung to a single syllable of text.. Troubadour’s songs form was often very free flowing. Some songs could be strophic in form as well. The church also taught that God did not want composers Richardson 5 to take credit for their songs. No single troubadour could own his or her own songs because they did not have the ability to write them down. If a troubadour heard another artist’s song, they must simply be able to remember it and then go sing it. The rules of the Catholic Church made it impossible for most of the troubadour’s songs to be saved. Most of the footprints left by the troubadours can be seen through the careful study of how their music affected the society of their time (Stevens, Butterfield, Karp 798-790). The change from a Catholic Church dominated society to a free thinking more secular society was brought on strongly by the troubadours. They created revolutionary thoughts that spread against the Catholic way of thinking, every time they performed. They changed music forever in ways that were felt much later down the road. Chivalry is seen and practiced in every country around the world. Troubadour’s songs of love and war have been translated into movies. Movies about true love and about treating women a certain way, are produced every year. Action movies are produced showing courage and giving examples of great heroes. They all serve the same purpose as the songs did for the people of the medieval era. It allows people to imagine themselves as characters in the story and strive to be more like them one day. Most of today’s society probably does not know how its entertainment originated. It came from the revolutionary thinkers of the medieval times. They defied the church and created their own way of life. Many troubadours paid for these songs of revolution with their lives. Although there music is lost, their contributions to society will never be forgotten (Jinright 1).

Next brand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Next brand - Essay Example Having being on the listing of London Stock Exchange where it is among the top 100 companies in the FTSE 100 Index, NEXT Brand is the best clothing retailer in UK in terms of sales. The NEXT brand company offers affordable and appealing products that depict immense value, style, and quality (Next Plc., 2014). Moreover, the company offers a wide range of products, which include original clothing and marketing material, jewelry, womens and mens and clothes, accessories, and beauty products (Next, 2014). Various external factors affect the operations and success of NEXT brand. Most of these factors are economic. NEXT brand participates in a monopolistic competition market structure. Indeed, there are many sellers in this industry since the fashion industry falls under perfect competition. However, companies in this industry do not sell identical products. In fact, NEXT brand sells differentiated products although they serve the same purpose. For instance, all clothing from NEXT brand depicts high value, style, and quality, which derives a competitive advantage (Next Plc., 2014). Moreover, the NEXT brand’s products are convenient since they are accessible online. The location and brand name of NEXT brand is different from that of other competing companies in this industry, which defines monopolistic competition market structure. The company abhors television campaigns and online marketing which promotes the NEXT brand’s products over other companies’ products. As such, under this market structure, NEXT brand have only limited control over price. Notably, there are various competitors in this industry where NEXT brand always seeks to achieve a competitive advantage over other serious competitors. Indeed, other companies in the fashion and clothing industry include Marks & Spencer, Debenhams, New Look, TK Maxx, Tesco, River Island, Dorothy Perkins, and Top Shop. Most of these companies sell the same products, which include original clothing, and

Marketing communications Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing communications - Case Study Example These leaders thrash their competition through superior customer insights that have been translated into compelling value propositions and superior customer experiences. Marketing has never been more significant as business firms scuffle and skirmish to differentiate themselves from competitors and obtain organic growth and financial success. Some of the world's most revered business corporations that include GE, Microsoft, and Intel, recognise the importance of marketing as a top line growth driver. At GE, where marketing was the "lost function" under Jack Welch, Jeff Immelt has invigorated the marketing organisation. At Microsoft, Steve Ballmer repeatedly stressed the marketing organization's lead role in making the company's "value propositions shine through for customers." And at Intel, Paul Otilleni fundamentally and drastically departed from the engineering-driven mindset of relentlessly increasing microprocessor speed to a marketing-led approach designing microprocessors for specific customer end-use applications like mobility and entertainment. While marketing is more influential and strategic at a few firms, the state of marketing at most firms is lacking. There are two evident problems with how marketing is practiced today-the role of the marketing organisation and the value that marketing is perceived to add to the firm's bottom line. Additionally, business firms, most especially huge organisations, employ an extensive array of marketing communications tools and metho ds to promote their companies, their products and services. Examples of these tools include brochures, mail shots, websites, TV ads and the like. The objective of all these is ultimately to achieve sales, customer base expansion and eventually market supremacy. Therefore, it is imperative for firms not just to be able to communicate effectively but to know what appropriate methods to use and determine if the segment they're trying to reach is really the sector they need to communicate their messages to. Integrated Marketing Communications This is a concept designed to unify all facets of marketing communication such as advertising, sales promotion, public relations and direct marketing. The goal is to fuse them into one working activity rather than permit each one to work in isolation. Basically, it aims to create and sustain a single look or message in all elements of a marketing campaign. However, practitioners remind clients that IMC should permeate every planned and unplanned communication at every contact point where the customer or prospect may receive an impression of the company. Practically, IMC must assimilate the corporate mission, the compensation plan, the management style, and employee training. It likewise includes packaging, positioning, promotions, pricing, and distribution. In its entirety, a successful integrated marketing communication plan should customise what is needed for the client based on time, budget and resources to reach targets or goals (Kotabe & Helse n, 2004; Young, 2005). Product Overview The PlayStation 3 trademarked PLAYSTATION3 but more commonly known as PS3 is the third video game console of the PlayStation brand from Sony Computer Entertainment. It is the successor to the highly sucessful PlayStation 2. It competes with Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles. This is a fully

Use of language blood wedding Essay Example for Free

Use of language blood wedding Essay Lorca uses language throughout the play for many different situations, such as describing characters feelings, carrying the sub-plot and uncovering the main plot. By using language in different ways, Lorca is able to make the play more appealing and with deeper meaning. Act two, scene one, Bride: Bride- Dark clouds. A cold wind here inside me. Doesnt everyone feel it? - page 53 In this speech by the Bride, Lorca has been able to describe the brides inner most feelings. When the bride states that she has a cold wind here inside me, Lorca is showing that the bride is uneasy and probably scared about getting married. Lorca uses the language to describe a feeling which comes from the body of the bride, which creates a personal effect for the audience (the audience are able to understand the brides inner feelings). Also the playwright has also created imagery of wind which could be related to a physical storm or a storm which the bride may be in because of her future marriage. Lorca then uses a rhetorical question (doesnt everyone feel it) in which he addresses a feeling of loneliness in which the bride may be suffering. By doing this Lorca has been able to show feelings though the use of language, this creates more effect and interaction from the audience. If I was to vocalise the text, I would add expression to the sentence a cold wind here inside me by using a more frightened tone in my voice, as well as visualising a movement in which I change my body language to become more defensive (by curling my body to symbolise defence and fear). Act two, scene one, Bridegroom: Bridegroom- My arms are strong. Im going to hold you for forty years without stopping. - page 61 In this quotation, Lorca has expressed the bridegrooms love for the bride by stating that he will hold you (the bride) for forty years. Also in this quotation, Lorca heightens the brides feelings of being trapped and unable to escape. This could be seen by imagery of the bridegroom clenching the bride in his arms, expressing the strength the bridegroom may have. This is an effective use of language as it shows that the bridegroom cares for the bride immensely, as well expressing the feelings the bride has. If I was to vocalise this quotation, I would emphasise the strength of the bridegroom with physical gestures such as enclosing the bridegrooms arms around the bride. Act two, scene two, Mother: A bad day? The only good one. For me it was like an inheritance. The breaking-up of soil, the planting of new trees! Lorca uses language in this speech by the mother to express the mothers happiness. He does this by stating that the marriage was like an inheritance. By using the word inheritance in this way to describe the marriage, Lorca has been able to refer to the marriage as a gain, which shows the mothers view. This therefore is an effective use of language as it expresses a characters view. In this quotation, Lorca also describes the marriage as the breaking-up of soil, the planting of new trees! which gives the impression that the marriage is the start of something new. This quotation can also show the repetition in the play; due to the cycle of planting of trees and soil being broken up. In this quotation, the playwright has been able to manipulate the audience into believing that the marriage is more like a process by using language effectively. Act three, scene one, bridegroom: You see this arm? Well its not my arm. Its my brothers arm and my fathers and my whole dead familys. And its got such strength; it could tear this tree from its roots if it wanted to. - page 79 In this quotation, Lorca has been able to use language to produce imagery in the audiences mind; by stating the arm could tear this tree from its roots. This makes the audience imagine the arm having immense strength. Also in this quotation, Lorca has been able to show that the bridegroom is bound to the rest of the family by stating that his arm belongs to his brother and father. This is an effective use of language as it shows that the bridegroom feels tide down by his family. This quotation also makes another reference to blood. This could be seen to show the link to blood relatives and how they are connected to someone by having the same blood. If I were to vocalise the quotation I would use gestures of the bridegrooms arms being tied together. I would do this as the language emphasises that the bridegroom is bound to his family. Act three, scene two, Mother: Your tears are tears that come from your eyes, thats all. But mine will come, when Im all alone, from the soles of my feet, from my roots, and theyll burn hotter than blood. - page 88-89 The playwright uses language here to describe the tears that the tears the mother will cry will burn hotter than blood and come from the soles of my feet. This means that Lorca has been able to express tears as been a hot deadly liquid, which gives the impression that the tears are scorching, and are more than tears. This is an effective use of language as it again shows imagery. Also Lorca has shown that the tears are precious as he has stated that they come from the roots of the mother. This shows that Lorca has used language to show the mothers emotions, which is effective for the audience. Throughout the play, Lorca uses different styles of language to express different ways the bride talks to the bridegroom, Leonardo and the maid. For instance, the bride treats the characters differently, such as treating the maid as if she owns her, therefore imposing her authority and instructing her what to do. The bride treats the bridegroom as if she is trying to avoid communication with him and being as abrupt as possible. However the bride communicates her feelings with Leonardo as well as showing passion and lust when speaking to him. Lorcas style of writing is expressed in his use of poetry. When expressing the lullabies Lorca uses romance and passion which shows that his style of writing helps the poem and play flow.

High School Uniform Polices Essay -- Teaching Public Schools

High School Uniform Polices Hello, I am here today to tell you about a problem that I see in our high schools. This problem is that there is not a uniform policy in all of schools. There are many arguments for and against having a uniform policy in the school systems. Some would argue that having a uniform would limit kids from their self-expression and individuality. While others believe that this is a good idea so that there is not any â€Å"labels† in our schools. By this I mean that poor and rich kids will not be noticed by what they wear. No matter what the outcome in this matter there will always be people that get upset about the outcome. I am here to give you my reason for supporting the idea that all high schools should have a uniform policy. Today the way we dress can non-knowingly segregate people into groups, especially in people’s younger years of middle and high school. Also the way you dress can represent different gangs. I am not saying that if there were a uniform policy in all o f our schools that this would completely stop these problems but it would help to reduce them. Today in our schools people’s dress represent a lot more than just self-expression. It is a representation of social classes and groups. Most of the time a person can pick out the poor people and the rich as well just by the clothes that they wear. If it is that easy to look at someone and know something about them just from the clothes that they wear then this automatically segregates ...

How To Move Past Cultural Elements Essay

There are two ways in which cultural elemental change must be supported. The first is in the manner of executive support. This is not merely â€Å"yessing† the voiced suggestions of staff. Rather, it is though the changed behavior of the executive that staff will change is well. This is termed as behavioral support. Executives must model the behavior that they want to see in their subordinates. They must also follow the rules that they expect their workers to adhere to until that rule has changed. Help the team members achieve goals that are not only important to the team, but important to the individual team members as well. â€Å"Use every possible communication tool to build commitment and support for the big goal, your organization’s values and the culture you want to create† ( (Heathfield). Leadership is not proven by making unrealistic promises or brutal tactics in order to impress or intimidate. It is proven when an executive means what he says and does what he says. The second way in which cultural elemental change must be supported is the training of the support team. The executive cannot merely expect to perform without ensuring that they have the proper training. A support team cannot be expected to support without a clear interpretation of what is expected and desired of them. Here it is useful to create a value and belief statement that the entire team subscribes to. Change the reward structure and redesign the operational structure to reflect the new organizational culture that is coming in. Bibliography Heathfield. (n. d. ). How to Walk Your Talk, leadership in Action. Retrieved August 09, 2010, from Ask. com: http://humanresources. about. com/cs/managementissues/a/walktalk. htm

Cultural Diversity At The Heart Of The Society - 5484 Words

Given the growing globalized and integrated world, cultural diversity has become an important instrument of promoting peace and understanding as never before. Owing to the rapid growth of multicultural societies and countries, ever stronger international migration flows, and the accelerated development of digital technologies, cultural diversity has thus become a veritable instrument of our time. It has been posited that the promotion of the diversity of cultural expressions lies at the heart of the society. The issues that arise from cultural diversity cannot be solved only by political voluntarism; they also require knowledge dissemination, cultural and diversity awareness and an intense international cooperation and exchange of experiences. This paper provides an overview of the reasons for cultural diversity and the role it plays in integrating our world. The author posits that cultures of people appear the same, but the practice and people’s perception of it may differ. 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